Advantage and Disadvantage of Data Collection

Advantage and Disadvantage of Data Collection There are many techniques that can elicit the requirements for Macquarie Car Insurances problem. MCI could use any of the following techniques; Interviews, Joint Application Design (JAD) and Questionnaires or they could use unobtrusive techniques; Hard data and STROBE. Each technique has certain advantages and disadvantages over the others, in most cases interviews can be seen as an important method for data collection, but a lot of preparation must be involve before it can be of any use. Interviews must establishing objectives, and have a prepared question and structure types. The questions can be phase in an open or closed state, open-ended questions allows the responder to answer how they wish and closed-ended questions give a precise answer. The structure of the questions is also important; it can be structured in a Pyramid, Funnel or Diamond arrangement. The pyramid structure commences with closed-ended questions, gradually expanding to a more open-ended question. This lets the interviewees open up to the topic that they might be reluctant to discuss. While the funnel structure commences in reverse to the pyramid. The funnel structure begins with open-ended questions then narrowing to closed-ended questions. This provides a causal nonthreateni ng environment, useful when the interviewee is emotionally attached to the topic. Whereas the diamond structure combines the strengths of both the pyramid and funnel structures. The diamond structure begins with closed-ended questions then gradually opening up to opened-ended questions, concluding with closed-ended questions. A joint application design (JAD) offers quick insight to the problems by organising group sessions as an information gathering tool. During the JAD requirements are agreed upon, as a whole, improving the users sense of ownership. JAD can use for organisations with little time and resources to waste, that requiring a system in place quickly. Questionnaires are the most common approach in gathering information about attitudes, beliefs, behaviours and characteristics from key members in an organisation. Questionnaires also use question and structure types and are designed to be simple, specific and free of bias but a poorly designed questionnaire can lead to Leniency, Central Tendency and Halo Effect. Leniency is when raters provide undeservedly high or neutral scores, naively marking the easy answers, this can be avoided by moving the average category to the left or right of center scale making the rater think about what to mark down. Central tendency occurs when the raters mark everything as average, adjusting the strength of descriptors, improving the differences smaller at each end and creating more points will avoid central tendency. Halo effect is when an impression is made in one question that carries through to the next question. This can be solved by placing one trait and several items on each page. Hard data is the analysis of collected documents; this can be broken down into two groups, Quantitative document analysis and Qualitative document analysis. Quantitative document analysis uses reports such as; Sales, Production, Performance and Summary reports, Records, Data capture forms and ecommerce transactions or any other transactions. Qualitative document analysis uses Manuals, handbooks, websites, emails and memos. Both these methods collect organisation data to make decisions on. STROBE (STRuctured OBservation of the Environment) is a techniques used for observing the decision- makers physical environment like; office location, desk placement, props, lighting etc the advantage of STROBE is that you dont have to ask questions you observing behaviour. For Macquarie Car Insurance (MCI) since the main process is to handled customer requests I believe that having Interviews would be the best solution. Interviews would gather all the relevant information needed such as, processes, opinions and users vocabulary. Joint Application Design (JAD) requires a large block of time for both users and workers, and can be at times dominated by intimidating participants, Questionnaires can suffer from validity and reliability in the responses, hard data can gather the requirements of the problem but doesnt give clear insights to the external users requirements, and STROBE doesnt gather information of the users requirements as well. Interviews would require research into background materials about the interviewees and the MCI organisation, and then interviewers would have to establish the interviewing objectives, decide upon whom to interview, prepare question types and structure. From the interviews the interviewer would be able to gather relevant information about insurances policies and customer views about the construction of an automated system. In closing the interview the interviewer would summaries the recordings, provide feedback and arrange any future appointments if necessary. A report would then be constructed to summaries the results and reviewed with the appropriate individuals. Question Two Prepare an SRS in IEEE format with the following sections below. Write one sentence under each subsection which includes the type of content that would be relevant in that section. Provide a full description for Sections 1.2 (scope) and Section 2.3 (user characteristics). Section 1.2 should include a context diagram. For Section 3.1 (functional requirements) provide 5 functional requirements; for Section 3.2 3.3, give two requirements for each; and for Section 3.4, give one design constraint. Students wishing to obtain a high mark (> 70%) should provide more content throughout the document and demonstrate a good understanding of the proposed system and their ability to structure the requirements. (4.25 mark) Software Requirements Specification Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope 1.2.1 Context Diagram 1.2.1 Level 0 Diagram 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 1.4 References 1.5 Overview 2. General Description 2.1 Product Perspective 2.2 Product Functions 2.3 User Characteristics 2.4 General Characteristics 3. Specific Requirements 3.1 Functional Requirements 3.1.1 Database 3.1.2 User Interfaces 3.1.3 Hardware 3.1.4 Software 3.1.5 System communication 3.2 Performance Requirements 3.3 Non-Functional Requirements 3.3.1 Security 3.3.2 Maintainability 3.3.3 Scalability 3.4 Design Constraints 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose Competitors have started adopting automated systems to handle customers requests; this has caused problems in Macquarie Car Insurance market share. The CIO of Macquarie Car Insurance (MCI) aims to overcome this by introducing an automated information system (AIS) to assist customers with their insurance policy enquires. The AIS would assist customers in ordering, quoting, modifying and/or cancelling insurance policies. The AIS would also allow customers to choose different payment methods, delivery methods and offers the option to be put in touch with a Human Insurance Agent (HIA). This would give MCI the advantage in the market place, increasing its competiveness in the market share. 1.2 Scope The systems requirements specification (SRS) report will document the requirements for the automated information system (AIS), and clarifies the processes of what the AIS will do. The specification is written in a format conforming to IEEE standard 830-1984. Subject to approval, the specification will meet the Requirements phase and will be followed by detailed design, implementation, and testing of the system. The product will be known as the Automated Information System (AIS). The AIS will handle customer inquiries about policies. Customers will be able to log in to system and gain information, quotes and account profiles. Customers can then purchase, change and cancel insurance policies. Two additional modules, Smart Detection Module (SDM) and Voice Recognition Module (VRM), are to be designed and implemented at a later date. The goal of AIS is to accommodate both individual and business users in answering online inquiries, quoting, purchasing, changing and cancelling insurance policies and user profiles. 1.2.1 Context Diagram 1.2.1 Level 0 Diagram 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations SRS System Requirements Specification MCI Macquarie Car Insurance AIS Automated Information System SDM Smart Detection Module VRM Voice Recognition Module GUI Graphical User Interface RTA NSW Road Traffic Authority of NSW HIA Human Insurance Agents FI Financial Institutions CIO Chief Information Officer

The Distinguished Works of the Preeminent Black Author, Ralph Ellison E

The Distinguished Works of the Preeminent Black Author, Ralph Ellison Ralph Ellison is one of the most lauded yet misunderstood writers of the twentieth century. Ellison is considered a short-story writer and an essayist at heart, but his most distinguished work is the novel, Invisible Man. Ellison has been called everything from "the greatest black American author" (Brennan) to unnecessarily "excessive" in his writing style ("Ralph Ellison: 1914-1994"). For the most part, Ellison is held in high regard in the literary community. The critical consensus on Ralph Ellison is that he is one of the most influential and passionate authors of his generation. Ralph Waldo Ellison was born on March 1, 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma to Lewis Alfred Ellison and Ida Ellison (Kennedy and Gioia). From his birth, it seems Ellison was destined to become a writer; his father named him after the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. Early in life, Ellison was influenced by his mother who was an ardent social activist (Kennedy and Gioia). Ellison was raised in a middle-class white neighborhood. After graduating from high school in Oklahoma, Ellison was awarded a scholarship to the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Ellison left school early and moved to Harlem ("Ralph Ellison: 1914-1994"). It was here that he met two of his greatest early influences: the poet Langston Hughes and the novelist Richard Wright (Kennedy and Gioia). In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Ellison was primarily an essayist who was published in several American periodicals. It was in these early years that he wrote "King of the Bingo Game" and the Buster and Riley trilogy. In 1952, Ellison's In visible Man was published in what became his most notable work. Invisible Man won Ellison nume... ...riticism. Galen Group. 16 Apr. 2001 http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC/. Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia. "Ralph Ellison: Biography." Literature Online 24 Apr. 2001 http://longman.awl.com/kennedy/ellison/biography.htm. Langman, F. H. "Reconsidering Invisible Man." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale Group. 17 April 2001 http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC/. Mitgang, Herbert. "Invisible Man, As Vivid Today as in 1952." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale Group. 16 Apr. 2001 http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC/. "Ralph Ellison: 1914-1994." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale Group. 16 April 2001 http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC/. Schor, Edith. "Ralph, Ellison, Journeyman: Three Early Stories." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale Group. 17 April 2001 http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitRC/.

The Road to TQM

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 series.TQM can be applied to any type of organization; it originated in the manufacturing sector and has since been adapted for use in almost every type of organization imaginable, including schools, highway maintenance, hotel management, and churches TQM processes are divided into four sequential categories: plan, do, check, and act (the PDCA cycle).In the planning phase, people define the problem to be addressed, collect relevant data, and ascertain the problem's root cause; in the doing phase, people develop and implement a solution, and decide upon a measurement to gaug e its effectiveness; in the checking phase, people confirm the results through before-and-after data comparison; in the acting phase, people document their results, inform others about process changes, and make recommendations for the problem to be addressed in the next PDCA cycle. IntroTotal quality management (TQM) consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make permanent a climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high-quality products and services to customers. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a constant organizational improvement process. Its approach is focused on exceeding customers’ expectations, identifying problems, building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers.The Road to TQM (Growth) Until around 1950, Japanese products were perceived in markets all over the world as being very inexpensive, but with poor quality. By the 1980s, th e same markets were recognizing MADE IN JAPAN as a sign of high quality and reliability. What happened during those three decades? Mass production systems were developed mainly by U. S. industries in the early 20th century. Other countries that were then emerging as new powers adopted variations of this scientific management of companies according to their individual contexts.After the World war, the devastated Japanese economy moved vigorously to restore its previous production level through full-on importation of technologies and ideas from the U. S. and Europe. In the postwar period, Japanese industries absorbed many modern concepts. The quality management systems were typical examples. However, Japanese-made still had a connotation of being inexpensive but with poor quality until the early 1950s. A number of factors contributed to reversing the notorious reputation of Japanese products in the subsequent two decadesTOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ADAPTION:Japan introduced development of applied technologies, creative reception of imported systems, successful introduction of industrial policies in harmonization with the private sector, expansion of world trade, gradual liberalization of domestic markets for foreign capital, and so on. Among them, what calls our particular attention in relation to management systems is Japan’s 1950s and early 1960s adaptation of Total Quality management. The Japanese management philosophy, system and practices, all focusing mainly on people and work is also termed as â€Å"Total Quality Management†.The common goal of TQM is to produce and serve the quality the customers need in a most economic manner. To achieve this goal, common approaches adopted in TQ M are: Policy deployment (PDCA cycle), Small group activities (QC circle) Systematic problem solving (QC story) Statistical methods ( QC tools) We can consider Total Quality Management (TQM) as an umbrella under which many components of Japanese management practices wo rk simultaneously for improvement of productivity and quality. Refer to Exhibit-XII for some examples.

Essay On Chapter 16 Chapter 5 - 1660 Words

â€Å"Now, what are you doing there, my wee lassie? Come back from the window before ye are seen!† Lily felt the plump hands of her nursemaid, Mairi. Before she knew it, the hands had her shoulders and were dragging her back from the window. Lily let out a cry of distress. â€Å"Mairi, for the love of our Lord! Yer hands are freezing.† Lily grimaced. Mairi ignored her. â€Å"I dinnae care if me hands are made of ice blocks,† she scolded. â€Å"It’s nae seemly for the daughter of the laird to be poking her head out tae window, goggling. Yer still in your chemise!† Lily scowled. â€Å"I thought I heard horses. Is it them, come to take me away?† Mairi was busy selecting a gown for Lily. â€Å"Ach, should ye wear the blue, or the green? The blue is grander, to be sure, but†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Now, Lily. We have had many talks over the past month about this day, and what is expected of ye in the coming months.† Lady Catherine started pacing the room. â€Å"The match is a good one. It took yer father months of negotiation to broker a deal with the Laird of Loneshire for this marriage. We expect ye to behave in the proper manner, befitting a lady of yer station. Never forget who ye are – Lady Lily McEwan, daughter of the Laird of Aberdeen, of Clan Douglas! Yer credentials are impeccable. Just make sure that yer behaviour matches them.† Lily sighed dramatically. She had been hearing this her whole life. She could never live up to the expectations of her exacting mother. â€Å"I don’t like the Laird.† Lily thrust out her lip. Mairi shoved her quickly in the back, in warning. But it was too late. Her mother spun around, eyes flashing. â€Å"Haud yer wheesht! I don’t want to hear this talk again, Lily. Do ye hear me? Ye are to be the wife of the Laird of Loneshire. Ye had better make peace with that fact, and quickly!† â€Å"Why should I?† Lily’s lip sunk lower. â€Å"He was rude and arrogant to me when we met. He barely looked at me, and when he did, it was to order me around like I was a kitchen skivvy! And everyone knows what he did to his first wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mairi nudged her again. â€Å"I’ll gie ye a skelpit lug, if I hear more of that talk!† Lady Catherine waved a threatening hand in front of Lily’s face. â€Å"How many times have I told ye to not listen to kitchen rumours? The Laird’sShow MoreRelatedDrugs and behavior today chapter 1 quiz Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: DRUGS AND BEHAVIOR TODAY................................................................................ 1 Discussion questions and assignments 1 Lecture outline for Chapter 1 3 Video suggestions 7 Essay questions 8 True/false questions 9 Multiple choice questions 13 CHAPTER 2: DRUG-TAKING BEHAVIOR: THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS.............. 27 Discussion questions and assignmentsRead MoreQuestions and Answers from The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara829 Words   |  4 Pages Chapter 1- The Spy 1. What is the spys usual occupation before the war? The spy was an actor. 2. How is he perceived by Longstreet? By Sorrel? Quote the passage or passages that best demonstrates their feelings. Longstreet thinks that he is not much of a spy, but he takes his word, seeing that there is no other person to believe.-quot;If you cannot find headquarters of this whole army you cannot be much of a spy. Sorrel just doesnt trust spies at all. Chapter 2- Chamberlain 3. What isRead MoreSdffdgdfgfdg1230 Words   |  5 Pages | | | |8 Discussion Boards @5 points each=40 | |Discussion Boards (8) |points | | Read Morewhat is organizational behavior1418 Words   |  6 Pagesand resolving conflicts. Chapter 1 1. Management= one who achieves goals through others vs Leader = of motivating its employees and directing their activities selecting means of communications and resolving conflicts. 2. What is Stress = A dynamic condition in which and individual is confronted with an opportunity a demand or a resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important Chapter 2 Sexual Harassment = UnwantedRead MoreEcon 2301 Study Guide1079 Words   |  5 Pagesof Economics ECON 2301: Principles of Macroeconomics Hennessy Course Organization We will cover the first 14 chapters of the textbook, divided into 3 â€Å"Parts† as indicated by the course calendar and summarized here: - Part 1: Chapters 1-4 - Part 2: Chapters 5-9 - Part 3: Chapters 10-14 Course Evaluation / Grading System There will be a quiz at the start of each chapter and an exam at the end of each Part. You will earn four (4) scores: three exam scores and one quiz score (based upon theRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Chapters 5 and 11-16 in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1519 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosopher. In this essay I’ll be comparing and contrasting chapters 5 and 11 – 16 and exploring the language and structure and I will comment on Mary Shelley’s themes. Mary Shelley uses three narrators to convey her story – Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the being itself. She uses so many narrators to sympathise with the story and to show different aspects and each view of the story. Victor Frankenstein narrates the story in chapter 5 and is NarratorRead MoreEssay about Law: The Dual Sovereignty Doctrine577 Words   |  3 PagesIn this essay, I will create a factual scenario indicating a crime against a person explaining how the same conduct may be prosecuted either in state or federal court pursuant to applicable state and federal statutes. I will identify the state statute, define the crime, and provide a citation to the authority. Similarly, I will provide the federal definition of that crime, including a citation to the applicable statute. The factual scenario that follows will demonstrate a case in which the sameRead MoreEssay about Letter to the Ephesians1186 Words   |  5 Pagesbook and Paul’s other writings. The purpose of this essay is to explore the book of Ephesians by commenting on critical issues, such as date, authorship, and setting, major theological themes, the purpose of the letter, and to offer an outline of the book itself. Critical Issues Critical issues include those things such as the date the letter was written, who the letter was written by, and where the letter was written. This section of the essay will identify these elements and mention the problemsRead MoreThe Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesto who the monster really is in Frankenstein and in this essay I will explore who the monster is in the novel. The three main ideas are whether it is Victor, society itself or indeed the monster who is truly evil. Although Victors creation is known as the Monster, by reading the novel it is clear that this isnt the full story. The beginning of chapter 5 is very important in the novel, as this is the chapter in which the Monster is brought to life, and we learn a Read MoreEntrance Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesGTA can help students fix the scantron form. Fixing one’s bubbles can only be done in person! Once the UID # is corrected, students can find out their grade, which is printed on the scantron form. Scores will be posted in ReggieNet’s grade book by 5 PM. Again, if a student has a blank or zero for his or her exam score, it is because such student did not blacken the bubbles or did so incorrectly. Do not email or call the instructor about having a blank or zero, but rather stop by the GTA’s desk